Paniniya Siksh English

Pāṇinīyaśikṣā describes the process of speech production involving both the mental and the physical faculties. When there is a desire to speak, a measured amount of the life breath (praṇa) is retained in the lungs. Then this breath moves upwards in the form of air stream, passes through the vocal cords (kaṇṭha) and sets them vibrating. This vibration makes the sound audible. In the articulation of a vowel sound, the air stream is allowed to flow without any obstruction through the oral and nasal cavities. Different vowels are articulated through lowering or rising of the tongue and also through rounding or un-rounding of the lips. A consonant sound (vyañjana) is articulated by the contact of the active articulator (such as tongue and lips) and the passive articulators (marked above).